Inner Truths in The House of the Seven Gables :: House of the Seven Gables Essays

Inner Truths in The House of the Seven Gables It was Hawthorne’s belief that romances deal with inner truths, while novels are based on "mere fact." Because he held himself to be a romance writer, inner truths were elemental themes in The House of the Seven Gables. The truths that he conceived, and expressed, in the story range from the concept that death and suffering do not discriminate based on one’s position in society to the karmic effects one generation may have on those of future generations. Hawthorne saw these themes as important concepts that went beyond simple didactic commentaries. As a romance writer he wanted his reader to understand his conceptions on a complete level, and to achieve this he realized that he must delve into an unusual space in the reader's mind. The supernatural plays an important role in this goal in The House of the Seven Gables. The Supernatural challenges the reader to use her imagination and step out of her usual stereotypes and beliefs so that she may observe the story as Hawt horne wrote it. This challenge is meant to help the reader grasp Hawthorne’s conceptions. Maule’s curse at the gallows is the beginning of the development for one of Hawthorne’s central themes: guilt will stay for generations. In regards to this "karmic" theme, Maule’s curse, a supernatural power, foreshadows the future of the Pyncheon family. Maule insists, "God will give him blood to drink!" and as we read on it appears that this portion of the curse does indeed come to pass. But the effects of the curse do not end there. As men began to build the Pyncheon home on Maule’s land, the famous spring water on the property "entirely lost the deliciousness of its pristine quality." The land that Colonel Pyncheon intended to have for his family immediately started losing its value as the "pristine" well became foul. As the story goes on it, becomes clear that the curse will similarly effect the Pyncheon family, making what once was rich very poor. Maule’s supernatural power is further developed with the use of ghosts. The use of these spirits implies that all inhabitants of the house are in a state of unrest. Although Colonel Pyncheon was the one to commit the sin against Maule, all his relatives will pay for the deed. Alice Pyncheon was said "to haunt the House of the Seven Gables and.

Fashion Culture Essay

A person is being judged and labeled whether he or she belongs to the upper class, lower class or an ethnic group through his or her physical appearance. Any judgment that is made is anchored from his or her physical features such as skin color, clothes and personal adornments. The subsequent photos seek to respond on the theory of Entwistle, which states that: â€Å"How we perform our identity has something to do with our location in the social world as members of particular groups, classes and cultural communities. The clothes we choose to wear represent a compromise between the demands of the social world, the milieu in which we belong, and our own individual desires† (Entwistle, 114). The picture of the African herder gives an implication that he belongs to the lower class of the society, which is discerned through the worn out and ragged shirt that he wears. That reality abides with the theory of Entwistle which entails that the status of an individual does reflect in his clothes. The herder’s appearance entails, if he has to be considered as part of the group of African people, that Africans are poor. Figure 2. African People It will be a hasty generalization, however, the fact that Africa belongs to the third world countries. The idea that African’s fashion statement, considering the other pictures of African people (figure 2), mirrors their status in the society. Nevertheless, the clothes are not just mere reflections of one’s status in the society. It also reveals the culture and economic status of those particular groups. Figure 3. The Upper Class On the other hand, figure 3 represents the upper class in the society. They are Americans; definitely, they belong in the upper class of the developed country. Their fashion statement divulges those crafted verdicts. Their physical appearances support the judgments. The men are wearing coat and tie and the women possess jewelries, indications that they belong to the well-to-do class.   The featured pictures bestow the core idea of Entwistle’s theory that the way people act has something to do with their status in the social realm, that the way they wear and choose particular clothing illustrates the culture and class that they belong to. However, taken into consideration the era of the modern world, it is now hard to discern and to judge a person as to where status he or she belongs, whether he or she is from the upper, lower or working class in the society. Take a look at figure 4. Figure 4. â€Å"Poor People Modeling Obscenely Expensive Clothes† According to Jennifer Romolini, staff of Shine, â€Å"poor people [are] modeling obscenely expensive clothes!† That is the most recent Vogue India’s August issue controversy in 2008. The picture portrays a toothless, barefoot man, who is most likely living on about $1.25 a day, carrying an umbrella that is worth $200. The woman is carrying $10,000 Birkin bag and the children has $100 Fendi bibs (2008). The ordinary Indians who serve as paragons reveal â€Å"the power of fashion. It is no longer rich man’s privilege. Anyone can carry it off and make it look beautiful† (quoted Romolini, 2008). That very idea supports the second statement of Entwistle’s theory which states that, â€Å"The clothes we choose to wear represent a compromise between the demands of the social world, the milieu in which we belong, and our own individual desires.† Because nowadays, people, regardless if they are rich or poor, already abide with the trend so they cooperate with the demands of the social realm and they satisfy their desire by wearing and buying branded clothes, personal adornments and jewelries. Fashion statement in the course of history has helped in the identity construction, cultural representation and status depiction. Our clothes speak of who we are and what we are. It mirrors our economic conditions and personal desires and aspirations. However, status in the society does not have to be judged just by the clothes we wear because most of us go with the fad. Everything is just a matter of choice because there are also rich people who are not accustomed to buy branded clothes or what is trendy because there are some who believe that fashion is an expression of one’s self, not just a mere reflection of culture, social and economic condition that we belong. Reference Romolini, R. (2008, September 3). Poor People Modeling Obscenely Expensive Clothes: The Latest Vogue Controversy. Shine. Retrieved January 29, 2009, from http://astrology.yahoo.com/channel/beauty/poor-people-modeling-obscenely-expensive-clothes-the-latest-vogue-controversy-249716/.

Peter Skrzynecki (Ancestors)

stanza 1 the figures have a nightmarish quality which is developed through simple but evocative visual imagery they ‘hang over you’ and stand ‘shoulder to shoulder’ which makes them threatening in number and intimidating in stance the sibilance within the last line augments the tenor of disquiet created by the poet’s reference to these nameless and ‘faceless’ men no reference is made to women which also increases the veiled threat implied by shadowy figures. ne possible interpretation of this might be that male ancestors have greater impact on his cultural and social identity stanza 2 the darkness becomes tinged with urgency as his sleep is broken by whispered secrets. nothing is distinct or clear, developing an atmosphere of uneasiness. it is a scene we can identify with, those disturbing dreams and nightmares that can come to us all in the middle of the night reference is made to the ever-open eyes of these figures. we wonder what are t hey looking at or for, and wether their appearance is a negative or positive omen. t also leads us to wonder whether their visions are insightful or apocalyptic stanza 3 the ring they form around the poet is both encircling and yet directional, their pointing fingers and footprints leading elsewhere to undetermined places. the term ‘ring’ generates a certain feeling of alarm, as if the sleeping figure is being entrapped by these figures from the past directions are unclear, mirroring the indistinct quality of dreams. it also raises the level of uncertainty and apprehension felt by the dreamer stanza 4 hese nocturnal visitors are given a natural backdrop, simply described as a mountain, river, plains, grasses and sand simple, sensory imagery describes the ‘sound of a river’ and a ‘moonlit plain’ giving some semblance of place but not enough to get any real bearings or location it is still a dream-liek landscape; ill-defined but evocative and dis quitening stanza 5 we ponder what these speechless, watchful and hovering figures ‘wait’ for and question their purpose urgency is created by the use of hyphen which creates a pregnant pause in the middle of the question being asked. his involves the reader in the questioning process, challenging us to respond from a personal perspective it appears that these dead ancestors form the past are awaiting new members to join their host, adding resonance to the death theme developed earlier Stanza 6 the nightmarish quality is not relieved by wakefulness which brings limited relief disquiet remains, for consciousness ironically makes their faces disappear just as they ‘became clearer’.They remain metaphorically out of reach the visual intensity of the simile ‘dry/as cake mud’ emphasises the negative impact of this ancestral visitation which neither soothes nor appeases the dreamer stanza 7 this is the only stanza with three lines instead of four; the brevity adds to the discordant images of un-stirring sand, grass and wind which ‘tastes of blood’. the inversion of typical senses jars our expectations the reference to the taste of ‘blood’ refers again to the death theme and adds to the reader’s sense of nightmarish disorientation. mirroring that felt by the disturbed sleeper by the disturbed sleeper.

Analysis of the Standard Enthalpy of Combustion for Alcohols Essay

Aim: To investigate the standard enthalpy change of combustion for 5 consecutive alcohols in the alcohol homologous series, methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol and pentan-1-ol, by using a calorimetric method to calculate the heat gained by the 100cm3 water in the experiment, and thus the heat lost by the alcohol lamp at standard temperature and pressure (298 K and 101.3 kPa). Background Knowledge: Alcohols are organic compounds containing Oxygen, Hydrogen and Carbon. The alcohols are a homologous series containing the functional –OH group. As we move down the homologous series of alcohols, the number of Carbon atoms increase. Each alcohol molecule differs by –CH2; a single Carbon atom and two Hydrogen atoms. Combustion is the oxidation of carbon compounds by oxygen in air to form CO2 and H2O. Combustion produces heat as well as carbon dioxide and water. The enthalpy change of combustion is the enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mole of a fuel is burned completely in oxygen. When alcohol undergoes complete combustion it produces carbon dioxide and water as products, and energy is released. The standard enthalpy of combustion of an alcohol (à ¢H °comb) is the enthalpy change when one mole of an alcohol completely reacts with oxygen under standard thermodynamic conditions (temperature of 25 °C and pressure of 101.3 kPa). The standard enthalpy change of combustion of alcohols varies depending on their molecular size. The greater the number of carbons, the higher the standard enthalpy of combustion, as there is the presence of more bonds. The larger the alcohol molecule, the more bonds will be broken and formed, and therefore more heat will be produced. Using experiments, the standard enthalpy of combustion of an alcohol can be found, buy first finding the heat released during the reaction using the equation Heat=mass of water Ãâ€"specific heat capacity of water Ãâ€"rise in temperature of water Note: The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 Jg-1 °C-1. and then finding the number of moles of alcohol burnt, and dividing the heat by this number. Equipment: 1. 250 cm3 Conical flask 2. 100 cm3  ± 0.08 cm3 pipette 3. Loggerpro thermometer 4. 5 x different consecutive alcohol spirit burners (eg. methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and pentanol) 5. Stand 6. 2 x clamps 7. Scales 8. 1500 cm3 distilled water 9. Heat proof mat 10. Matches Method: 1. Connect the temperature sensor to the datalogger. Connect the datalogger to the computer. Ensure the datalogging software is loaded and set to record the temperature of the sensor. Set the sampling rate to 1 sample per second for 210 seconds. 2. Using the pipette, pipette 100 cm3 distilled water into the conical flask. 3. Set up the stand, and clamp the conical flask 25 cm from the table. Also clamp the temperature probe 30 cm from the table, so that it is submerged in the distilled water but not in contact with the conical flask walls. 4. Weigh the alcohol lamp (including its cap) using the scales and record the mass. 5. Place alcohol lamp directly under the conical flask on a heat proof mat. 6. Click ‘collect’ on datalogger to start recording the temperature. After 30 seconds, light the alcohol lamp. 7. When the datalogger reaches 210 seconds immediately extinguish the flame by replacing the cap. ‘Store the latest run’ in loggerpro. 8. Re-weigh the alcohol lamp (including cap) as soon as possible after extinguishing the lamp. 9. Repeat steps 2 – 8 with the same alcohol to obtain trail 2, and trial 3 results. 10. Repeat steps 2 – 9 for 4 other consecutive alcohols. 11. Calculate the average change in mass of each alcohol and calculate the change in temperature of water for each trial. 12. Calculate energy absorbed by this using q=mcà ¢T then calculate à ¢H °comb=qn 13. Plot the graph of à ¢H °combversus number of carbons in alcohol. Apparatus: temperature probe datalogger device 5 cm 25 cm alcohol lamp loggerpro collector on computer heatproof mat 100 cm3 distilled water conical flask clamp clamp Variables: 1. Independent The alcohol used to heat water will be changed, however all alcohols will be primary. The range of alcohols will be 5 consecutive alcohols from the homologous series; methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol, pentan-1-ol. 1. Dependent The change in temperature of the 100cm3 distilled water when heated by an alcohol lamp. 1. Measure the initial temperature and final temperature using loggerpro. The change in temperature can be calculated by: ΔT=T(final)-T(initial) 1. Controlled Finding the à ¢H using à ¢H °comb=qn Controlled Variables How is it controlled? Effect on experiment if uncontrolled Type of liquid Using only distilled water for all trials throughout the experiment. Different liquids could result in a difference in the strength of attractive forces between particles, meaning a different specific heat capacity which would affect the calculation of energy gain to water using the equation q=mcà ¢T, and thus an incorrect enthalpy change value. Volume of liquid used Measure 100cm3 of distilled water by using 100 cm3  ± 0.08 cm3 graduated pipette for each trial. If the volume was not exactly 100 cm3 it would directly affect the mass of the water which will affect the q=mcà ¢T value and thus the à ¢H value. Material glassware Use the same brand and materials of a conical flask for all trials. Different materials have different conductivity and may absorb more heat from the alcohol lamp, affecting the overall heat absorbed by the distilled water. Using the same material and brand of conical flask ensures that this is the same for each experiment. Temperature of surroundings For standard enthalpy of combustion, the temperature must be 25 °C however in a classroom this is hard to control, so for each experiment the temperature will stay constant at 19 °C. If the surrounding temperature was to be changing, the distilled water could be losing more, or gaining more heat energy from the surroundings, directly affecting the temperature change and therefore, q=mcà ¢T and the à ¢H value. Distance between the conical flask and alcohol lamp A clamp will be set at a distance of 25 cm from the table, and this the flask will sit at the same height each trial. If the distance changes, the heat lost to the surroundings varies and the heat that reaches the bottom of the calorimeter also varies. This will lead to a difference in rise in temperature of water (à ¢T), and therefore an incorrect calculation for q=mcà ¢T and à ¢H value. Pressure of surroundings For standard enthalpy of combustion the pressure must be 1 atm, however in a classroom this is hard to obtain, so all experiments will be done in a room with the same pressure. Might influence the vapour pressure point, which will affect the q=mcà ¢T value, and thus the à ¢H. Duration of heating The water will be headed for 180 seconds. This ensures that all experiments have the same time to heat the water which directly effects the change in temperature and thus the q=mcà ¢T calculation and the à ¢H value. References: http://gandhijkt.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/chemistry-sample-lab-report.pdf http://www.ausetute.com.au/heatcomb.html http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/chemistry/chemical-energetics/revise-it/enthalpy-changes

Outline Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Outline - Research Paper Example This role has remained the same up to date, and therefore, more than ever international relations are crucial in maintaining global peace. It is from this understanding that as a political science major, I feel motivated to focus on international relation. Further, the rapid changing economies around the world, I believe that international relation is a study necessary to enable proper implementation of international trade policies, and define the requirements and limitations to cross border trade. Further, international relations are required to determine cross border policies for immigrations, given the high rates of immigration. People travel between different countries for business, tourism, employment or temporal visits. Processing of visas and other necessary policy documents will certainly require this profession. The increasing numbers and occurrence rates of global issues like environmental disasters and terrorism, which are greater than any country or continent, call for global collaborations. Pursuing global cooperation is becoming necessary in order to solve such issues. International relations come in handy to help bolster such global cooperation for a similar curse. Finally, international relations play a greater role in promoting culture, than the usual facilitations of goods and services exchange between countries. Such activities like students exchange programmes; cultural exhibitions and cultural tourism enhance understanding and appreciation of human expressions worldwide. All these will require international relations for effective

Portfolio analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Portfolio analysis - Essay Example Correlation according to Cohen (2003) can be defined as the description of the degree in which two variables are related to each other. For example how is coffee business growth related to the weather patterns? Correlation can either be positive or negative meaning a single variable can affect the other positively or negatively. Covariance on the other hand can be defined as the manner two variables change at the same time. Covariance can be described as how two risky assets go hand-in-hand or in relation to one another (see C. Patrick Doncaster, 2007). If the covariance is positive this implies that the assets returns are simultaneous and if negative, this will imply the returns on the assets are inverse.Correlation and covariance both describe the relationships of two variables and in the way they move whether positively that is together or negatively that is inversely. Looking at the above definitions of covariance and correlation we can clearly see the relationship between the tw o in the context that correlation will determine the extent to which two variables are connected to each other while covariance will look at the same two variables and asses how they move together. Portfolio diversity is best achieved if the covariance is not in the same direction meaning the assets in the portfolio do not have perfect correlation (see Alexander, 2009). If the two asset variables do not have a direct relationship in terms of their asset returns this will mean that they do not move in the same direction ... Correlation as earlier defined is the relationship of various assets in a portfolio and how they impact on each other in terms of returns. In case assets have a low correlation according to Lhabitant (2004), this will mean that the assets have a minimal interaction in the market in terms of returns. If one of the assets is affected negatively this will not necessarily mean that the other assets will suffer the same adverse effects to the same degree but in a lesser degree. Negative correlation will mean that the assets have no relationship in terms of performance and this will mean that the performance of individual assets will be independent of the other assets in the same portfolio. A low or negative correlation will minimize the portfolio risk to very low levels because the assets will have no direct relation in terms of negative correlation or minimal relationship in terms of low correlation. This will mean all the assets will act as independent factors in the portfolio despite h aving a common investor. This will ensure that when one of the assets is not doing well in terms of return all the others will not be affected since they lack a relationship. A good portfolio is aimed at having the lowest risk and this can be best assessed by ensuring the portfolio mix is of assets with low or negative correlation. c. Diversification and why is it important to portfolio risk Diversification in terms of portfolio means minimizing the risk factor by investing in various assets (see Hagin, 2004). This will mean that an investor should not invest all his money in one asset but rather subdivide his money to be invested in various assets so that the risk is well distributed. Suppose an investor invests all his money in one asset this will mean that the risk

Globalisation - challenges for ceos and solutions Essay

Globalisation - challenges for ceos and solutions - Essay Example Globalization has been a part of human evolution over the centuries. The first phase of globalization occurred from the 1870s to World War I, this was accompanied by industrialization and increase in global trade. The second phase is said to have begun with the end of the Cold war in the 1990's. Technology and communications have been the drivers of this phase. (Parrett: 2005). "Globalization" implies economic integration of nations through trade, investment, production, flow of capital, information technology, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions and other related activities. (Phua : 2004 ). It is essential to understand the scope and dimensions of globalization to enable business benefit from the opportunities for growth as well as the perils. The role of a CEO in the integrated World of tomorrow is all important. However the exact dimensions of the challenges faced by CEOs and their role thereof in the global environment have not been fully defined. Globalization is also takin g place in diverse environments geographically, politically and socially, thus the challenges faced by the CEOs are varied. It is therefore essential that we undertake an analysis of this essential facet as it will define the social as well business environment of the future. (Napolitano: 2006)The role of globalization in the growth of business has been well recognized in recent times. Globalization today is driven by policy changes where governments have reduced the obstacles for trade, thereby making it a tool for development. (Bhagwati : 2004). In a survey of CEOs carried out in the United States, over 75 percent of the CEOs identified international customers, consumers and employees as more important and approximately 70 percent determined reduction in the role of labor unions. With growth opportunities limited at home, it was also identified that expansion of market share was important for growth for which globalization provided the ideal vehicle. (NIST Survey :1998). The chall enge of globalization for companies is to harmonize local sensitivities to the harsh realties of competitive business in the international arena. (Duncan: 2002). Globalization is also driving competition and hence creating new opportunities. These need to be seized and companies should position themselves to take advantage of the situation. (Parrett: 2005). Globalization also creates complexity, this creates a need for the CEOs to explain and manage this complexity successfully. (CEO Survey). Globalization has created economies of scale at an international level creating beneficiaries from variations in inflation; savings, competition, and job creation in say China with low-cost manufacturing which has kept inflation low. (Parrett: 2005). Role of CEOs The CEO has a major role to play in sustaining corporate continuity in a cohesive manner to include intangible facets as customer satisfaction, product and service quality, ethical conduct and reputation, operational performance, and employee commitment. (Parrett: 2005). The CEO has to transact with the society as a whole and particularly its three major constituents, other companies, government, and civil society. (Napolitano: 2006). The CEO has to seamlessly link the organization globally and locally by synergizing its goals and aspirations in both the dimensions. (Napolitano: 2006). A CEO should be sensitive to ensure that the organizations goals and operations are not creating resentment in society which in the final analysis would damage the company in the longer run. (Napolitano: 2006). A CEOs role is perceived as a partner rather than a leader. It has a lot to do with effective management of the company, its external involvement as well as the government. (Global Corporate Citizenship : 2003). Nearly 80 percent of CEOs say they have made reducing unnecessary complexity a personal priority. Their primary focus areas are information