Is Africa the least developed continent? Essay

Why do we hear that Africa is the least developed continent? I mean Africa contains some of the most important natural and mineral resources, so why are Africans still living in an underdeveloped continent? Naturally Africa contains a variety of many rich minerals. One of the largest minerals that Africa holds is petroleum. Petroleum is mostly found in countries like Nigeria, Libya and Equatorial Guinea. These countries are some of the richest nations in Africa, with some of the highest Gross Domestic Profits in the past few years. They are also countries, mostly the southern nations, who boast the rights of having large reserves of gold, diamonds and copper. Then they are a great number of African nations who are blessed with fertile soil, for agricultural purposes, growing some of the most important crops supplying food and exporting goods to people and other nations. Even though we see that these minerals and crops produce most of Africa’s revenues, profit of this capital is found to be wasted. This money is normally given to the government, who dissipate this money on luxuries for the elite or on big projects that may have little or no return at all. We then find that colonialism could be another aspect that contributes to the economic underdevelopment in Africa. Just before decolonization, Africa obtained its highest sum of wealth. This was due to the amount of raw materials exported to countries mostly in Europe. As soon as most countries were independent, Africa was on the back-foot. After many Europeans and their leaders set off back off to their home lands, African nations were lacking individuals with training or education to operate their government that they had inherited. They didn’t know what to do, making it harder for them to make their economy stronger. Another notion that could be a contribution to this underdeveloped continent is corruption and misgoverning. This may be one of the main causes that may have led Africa to have become known as the ‘underdeveloped continent. The government may not be leading the country in the right direction, not putting the country on a path that may lead to a growth in the economy. The government may be spending their capital on luxuries, and not providing services like education and jobs for the less fortunate. All these problems arise, when discussing about why Africa is a poor continent. To resolve these issues, we may need to bring a new government into action, we may need to raise some funds, and we may need to use our resources well to make these very nations of Africa more developed than it ever was.

Fayol’s Management Functions and Its Essay

Managers motivate employees, influence individuals or teams as they work, select the most effective communication channel or deal in any way with employee behaviour issues, they are leading. In controlling, ‘managers evaluate how well an organisation is achieving its goals and take action to maintain or improve performance’, (Waddell, Devin, Jones, George, 2008, p. 9). Controlling when handled well ensures that the overall direction of individuals and groups are consistent with the short and long term goals of the organisation. It also helps to maintain compliance with essential organisation rules and policies. Fayol (Fayol, 1949, p. 107) stated that controlling purpose was to ‘identify weaknesses and problems such that they can be rectified and reoccurrences prevented’. In identifying and addressing issues quickly the organisation can maintain its productivity whilst also maintaining an optimum work environment. The planning and controlling management functions are closely related, as the planning functions establishes goals, while the controlling function nsure that the goal is being worked towards by all parties involved. Fayol is seen by some as the founding father of management functions’ (Raymond E. Miles, Charles C. Snow, Alan D. Meyer and Henry J. Coleman, Jr. , 1978, p. 556). While some of his principle and functions are no longer appropriate, his core functions have been adapted to modern organisational management issues. Plan, lead, organise and control, may have ‘stood the test of time’ (fell, 2000, p. 345) due to their simplicity and malleability to change with demand for modern management thinking. These four principles may be seen as outdated, but his methods still work. If there is ‘good communication, understanding, unity, continuity, flexibility and precision’ (Fayol, 1945, p 137

Kingship in Macbeth Essay

The theme of kingship is one which can be see constantly throughout the play. This makes sense as the play is ultimately a tribute to King James I, who was king when Macbeth was written in 1606. King James strongly believed that becoming king was a divine right and that they themselves, as kings, were God’s representatives on earth. All these aspects can be seen from beginning to end of Macbeth and we see how when this order of kings is changed by unnatural means, everyone suffers. During the course of the play we see the traits of four kings: Duncan, Macbeth, Edward and Malcolm. Through the reign of each of these kings, we are shown clearly how a country is only stable if the king is good and virtuous. In Shakespearean times, a king had absolute power and the welfare of the state depended strongly on him. All people were similar to King James in the belief that kings were appointed by divine right, and had to possess the king becoming graces of, ‘’justice, verity, temperance, bounty, perseverance, stableness, lowliness and devotion. ’’ When the play opens, we see Duncan as king. He himself admit that there ‘’is not art to finding the mind’s construction in the face. ’’ This inability to judge people well, ultimately leads to his downfall. The original Thane of Cowdor, ‘’a man in whom I [Duncan] placed upmost trust’’ rebelled against Scotland when under the reign of Duncan, something which Duncan could not foresee. Similar happened with Macbeth. Duncan trusted Macbeth and saw him as a ‘’brave and valiant cousin. ’’ Duncan’s trusting of Macbeth lead to his own untimely death. We can see clearly Duncan’s weakness as king; he trusts too easily. We can also see the traits of a good king in his character as his punishes those who commit treason (Thane of Cowdor), and rewards those who are brave and loyal (Banquo and Macbeth), ‘’go announce his present death and with his former title greet Macbeth. ’’ It is clear that people respected Duncan as king and his godliness can be seen in the words expressed by Macduff when he is murdered, ‘’ most sac religious murder hath broke ope’ the lord’s anointed temple and stolen the life hense. ’’ Ironically Macbeth himself praises and acknowledges Duncan’s qualities, ‘’ Duncan hath borne his faculties so meek. ’ When Macbeth becomes king, we see the opposite to Duncan. Macbeth reigns with terror and has constant feelings of paranoia, trusting no one, ‘’to be thus is nothing, but to be safely thus,’’ ‘’we have scorched the snake, not killed it,’’ ‘’our fears in Banquo stick deep. ’’ Macbeth’s reign cannot be succeeded by his children as he became king through a sinful and unnatural act of regicide, ‘’upon my head they placed a fruitless crown. ,’’ During this time, regiside was considered to be one of the most unforgivable crimes possible- the killing of God’s chosen representative on Earth. This act alone show that Macbeth will rule as a king of terror. His reign is characterised by instability, he has upset natural order and this can be seen reflected in the natural world around him, ’’thou seest the heavens as troubled with man’s act .. by the clock tis day and yet dark light stangles the travelling lamp. ’’ The chaos and disorder seen in Scotland under Macbeth’’s rule is reflected in the natural world. As king, Macbeth focuses on the wrong things, he tries to achieve strength and power and puts this ‘’vaulting ambition’’ before his duty to lead Scotland. Macbeth could in no way be considered divine, a clear contrast to ‘’meek’’ Duncan. The character of Macbeth is associated with evil and witch-craft and his is known to others as a ‘’tyrant whose sole name blisters our tongues,’’ synonymous with power, although he has no legal or God-chosen right to have it. In Macbeth we see a king who deviates completely from all the ‘’king becoming graces’’ and qualities of a good king, and as a result, his country suffers greatly, ‘’every morn new widows howl, new orphans cry. ’ In the play, we never actually meet Edward the Confessor, King of England, but through descriptions from Malcolm we can see clearly that he embodies all that a true, virtuous king should. He is associated with ‘’heaven’’ and ‘’grace’’ and all things ‘’saintly. ’’ Edward is said to possess the a bility to foresee the future and to heal the sick, he does not abuse these powers like Macbeth, but instead puts them to good use, ‘’ he hath a heavenly gift of prophecy, and sundry blessings hang about his throne. ’’ We see in Edward a king who is a good judge of character, unlike Duncan. Edward welcomes Malcolm into his court and agrees to help him despite many thoughts that Malcolm is the one who murdered Duncan. Edward can see Malcolm innocence and kindly offers him a safe haven where he can regroup. The qualities of kingship seen in Edward are that of honesty, kindness and holiness, all adhering to the fore-mentioned ‘’king becoming graces. ’’ This example of a most excellent king would have impressed King James of England at the time as it was widely known that King James was a descendent of King Edward’s. Malcolm, Duncan’s son and rightful heir to the throne, does not become king until the final scene of the play but still we are left feeling Scotland is in safe hands. Malcolm shows his qualities earlier in the play and from this we can see just what kind of king he is going to be. The anointing of Malcolm as king of Scotland restores natural order after the hellish reign of Macbeth. We feel as if Malcolm will be fair and honest as king and we know he understands what is expected of him, as he was in fact the character who listed the ‘’king becoming graces such as justice, verity, temperance †¦ ’ We see he is a better judge of character than that of his late father as before trusting Macduff, he tests his loyalty to Scotland. He also understands how the power associated with being in king can easily go to one’s head, no matter how honest they may seem previous, ‘’ a good virtuous nature may recoil in an imperial charge. ’†™ Before we learn of any of this, we know Malcolm resides in the palace of King Edward, this association alone causes us to automatically characterise Malcolm with goodness and honesty. Malcolm is respected and liked by the people, this is show by the fact that he was able to bring together an army of ‘’ten thousand’’ to fight against the ‘’tyrant’’ Macbeth. With Malcolm as king, we see peace and unity once again being restored to Scotland, ‘’Hail king of Scotland. ’’ The only criticism I would have of Malcolm is the fact that he rewards directly, all those who have been loyal to him,’’ my thanes and kinsmen, hensforth be Earls. ’ This action reminds us of Duncan’s hasty reaction of appointing Macbeth as Thane of Cowdor. He rewarded immediately Macbeth’s seemed bravery but paid most dearly for it. I could not help but wonder if Malcolm may perhaps suffer a similar fate. We see in all the kings mentioned in Macbeth, many differences. These differences allow us to contrast the characters and explore deeply the theme of kingship in the play. In Macbeth, w e see an unnatural king which causes chaos in his country. He rules with terror and evil. Duncan was a king who rules with peace and honesty, but his trusting nature unfortunately lead to his untimely death. In both Malcolm and Edward, we see good kings who appear to possess and understand the qualities needed to be king. Although it can be said that a fault may be seen in Malcolm’s character, this is no more than a suggestion, and I feel that his positive traits as King overwrite this. At the end of the play we are left feeling satisfied that has been left in safe hands.

BUSINESS ETHICS AND THEIR INPACT ON BUSINESS COMMUNICATION Essay

BUSINESS ETHICS AND THEIR INPACT ON BUSINESS COMMUNICATION - Essay Example Descriptive and analytical research methodology is applied in this research paper. The findings of paper are purely based on a code of business ethics which should be implemented in every single organization in objective and effective way. The subject of Ethics is from the subject of Philosophy. It is liable to addresses questions about morality and no doubt it is an important part of every one’s life. There are two levels of ethics; theoretical and applied ethics. Business ethics is one of the most imperative parts of the applied ethics. In this paper, I will try to discuss some of the major ethical philosophies that are applied to business ethics such as teleological ethics, utilitarianism, egoism, deontological ethics, etc. The purpose of this study is to represent which ethical approach is appropriated in business. Keywords: Ethics, Business Organizations, Code of Ethics, Ethics in business, Communication, Ethical theories.â€Æ' Introduction Governments of all countries of the world have either prepared a strong code of business ethics for the organizations to follow these codes to deal with the customer and to handle the daily activities of organization, or they ask business entities to schedule their own code of business ethics to implement it but this code of ethics must be within the rules and laws made by the government of that country. But the best method among these two is that government should itself prepare a strict code of ethics for the business entities to follow with the consultation of the association of business organizations. In this way, government will be allowed to look after the ethical affairs of business and to ask them to follow those ethical principles effectively, strictly and completely (Jalil, Azam, & Rahman, 2010). As the most brilliant creator of the Lord, we live to progress, to grow and to move ahead. All of us are in an age of innovation, where the free markets are getting rapid growth, a nd so the economy of the entire world. Latest technological products, roles of the government bodies, and every person on this globe is facing new challenges, exploring new opportunities for making growth, facing the demands from public and bearing the limitation. Most of the people are working to make their life error free and nations are working collectively having an aim of spreading freedom and democratic principles; to look after the free markets of the economy, to protect the individual’s rights, and to encourage respect for human rights, the rule of law, and the environment (Siltaoja & Lamsa, 2011). Every person wants to live in a good and well mannered society and this why a majority of people is worry about the ethics within the society. Any organization is related to each individual of the society and the entire economy. Behavior of an individual is a central to the business life and ethical principles have an important influence on individual’s behavior. For that reason, it is clear that the entire business is influenced by the individual’s behavior. Now each of the organization has completely or partially prepared their own code of ethics (Gulcan, 2011). Businesses on this planet are developing and apply ethics in their business dealings in order to address the legal, ethical, social responsibility, and environmental issues they face. If a business analyze and evaluate these problems in a more systematic way, it can improve its own business performance with ease. The ethical codes can also help expanding opportunities for growth, and contribute to the development of

Nova callege Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nova callege - Assignment Example But the reaction on Mrs Mallard upon her husband’s death is enough proof to determine that what goes on between them cannot be characterized by pure love or devotion to each other. Richards and her sister Josephine took great lengths to be gentle in how they break the bad news to her. The both of them were reluctant and calculating in telling her of the tragedy that ended Brently Mallard’s life. â€Å"When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her† (Chopin, par. 3). Her reaction was not analogous to other women before her in the same position. After the immediate show of grief, her next move was to go swiftly to her room and contemplate on what the event essentially means and how the same could change her life. She looked at it as a new beginning and an escape from a dreadful married life. The irony of course was how fast things happen and how lives could change and end in an hour. The overwhelming emotions that were because of her husband’s death introduced to her the prospect of a new which is equivalent to nothing less than freedom. The same freedom she shouted from her heart a nd had enveloped her whole being eventually led to her own death. The plot of â€Å"The Lottery† is an intriguing narrative of an old village and their practice which captivates the reader and keeps them wondering on what all the activity going on is all about. Shirley Jackson was very prolific in her description of the village and the people that comprise it. The children who are playing all around and their banter including the atmosphere as it was a time just after school ended and their vacation has just started. The village is portrayed as common and nothing out of the ordinary and the same goes for the village folks. The title of the short story is very curious and evokes an inquisitive outlook prior to completing the conclusion. The children occupied by collecting stones suggest the perception

Epic theater, a comaritive analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Epic theater, a comaritive analysis - Essay Example As he is introduced, his presence evokes an image of the fallen, a prevalent theme throughout the French Revolution. As the story of the French Revolution is told by historians and enhanced by paintings, illustrations, and live action recreations of the events, The French Revolution: Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite -A New Republic is Born in Blood, creates a film experience that breaths life into the historical figures of the French Revolution. While the causes of the French Revolution can be linked across many theoretical and philosophical constructs, the main cause was created from an economic crisis. As in most cases, the people were motivated to act because of a lack of stability which caused a lack of food. Of the many reasons that can motivate people into action, the one that denies them the basic needs of survival will most often inspire the quickest movement toward a radicalization. The film describes the events that surround the impending crisis that is setting up France for a time when flour, a staple of bread making which is a food staple for the French, prices would skyrocket, creating a circumstance where a loaf of bread becomes worth a month’s salary [1]. By using live action recreations and illustrations from the time period, a connection can be made by the audience to the impact of starvation on a people who is not properly represented or supported. Mention is made of Marie Antoinette’s â€Å"most famous line she never said . . . Let them eat cake† [2]. The line was a commentary on the feelings of the French people to their queen, and while the film mentions that she never said such a thing, it is made clear that her excesses are what led this line to be associated with her. The film displays a series of examples of the excesses in which she indulged, including illustrations of overly exaggerated hairstyles that could stand several feet tall. In the midst of a country that was

Recommendation on Hiring an External Advertising Agency Research Proposal

Recommendation on Hiring an External Advertising Agency - Research Proposal Example The recommendation is to hire an external advertising agency to mitigate the risk associated with a failed advertising. The company is on a limited budget because it is still a start-up company. XYZ Company can remedy this shortcoming by resorting to a Limited-Service Advertising agency whereby some of the advertising function such as planning and strategic functions may require XYZ Company’s greater involvement. Unlike in a full-service advertising service where the company only need to state its objective, Limited Advertising Agency would require greater involvement (http://adworld2020.blogspot.com/). XYZ would assume a greater responsibility for the strategic function of the campaign which is advantageous to the company because it can include inputs which are a very valuable aspect of the campaign since the company knows best its market. In effect, XYZ Company will have the best of both worlds in this approach because its inputs will be guided by a professional that would h elp determine if the formulated strategy will work or not. Thus, a $15,000 advertising budget for a limited service advertising would suffice. Limited-Service Advertising agency is more appropriate for XYZ Company for a variety of reason. Limited-Service Advertising agency is an advertising agency that supplies only one or two basic services such as creative advertising but will also provide strategic planning service (http://adworld2020.blogspot.com/). Hiring a Limited-Service Advertising agency is more appropriate for XYZ Company to mitigate the risk in advertising. Hiring a Limited-Service Advertising agency will avoid an advertising failure due to lack of expertise. The company cannot afford this mistake because it is still a start-up and therefore, it would be best for the company if it will hire professional ad agencies which have records of the high degree of success in raising consumer awareness.

Management Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Management Decision Making - Essay Example This report will present an analysis of the hotel’s resources and systems and evaluate the financial systems, customers, internal business operations, learnings and growth of Forester using the method of balance score card. It will also employ the SERVQUAL method to help in the decision making about the change in revenue generation model. The main task of the report is to conduct an analysis of Forester Hotel in order understand the competitive priorities for the hotel’s customers. This is undertaken by using the Balances Score Card Method for Forester Hotel. The Balanced score card is a technique that provides in depth insights about what a given strategy’s impact may be on different aspects of the organization including the operational and the financial performance, the customer satisfaction and the learning and growth of the organization (Kaplan and Norton, 1996). It is an appropriate tool to arrive at the targets and measures that the organization needs to ad vocate in order to achieve its strategic vision. A Balanced Score card can be used for any organization, but it is particularly useful for service organizations where intangible compinents of operations and services need to be evaluated (Denton and White, 2000). In addition, a balanced score card lets the hotel assess the perceptions and expectations of the customers and hence make the relevant changes in its strategies (Denton and White, 2000).     It is also an exhaustive exercise for the same reason as it involves several steps like the Systems Mapping, the Objectives Mapping and the Strategy Mapping before the balance score card can be developed. Sytem Mapping A balanced score card is however developed on the basis of the information gathered about the financial systems, the customer related systems, the internal operational systems and the learnings and growth systems of the organization. It therefore relies on an exhaustive mapping of the organization in terms of its syste ms and the interlink between them (Kaplan and Norton, 1996). The following figure is a system map and it showcases the systems that are operational at Forester Hotel. Fig 1: Forestar System Mapping Government Legal system: Standards, Licensing Financial support system: Credit, Interets rates Forestar Hotel Operating Systens Restaurants (purchase, prepare, serve) Rooms Management (scheduling $ housekeeping) Activities (schedule, maintenance) Quality Planning Staff Training Food Standards Equipment Maintenance Financial Cost/ Resource Aquisition System Control Systems HR Logistics Purchase Income Generation Capacity Planning Number of Rooms Leisure activities Construction Activities Accomodation Staff Size Food Conferences /Parties Source: Author A system map is a detailed diagram showing the inter-linkages between different sub-systems within an organization and also highlighting the influence of external systems (customer, governmental, legal) on the internal sub systems. It is an e xhaustive representation of how different processes related to each other and hence helps in identification of the impacts that any proposed changes in strategies may bring to the organization (Kaipa, 2000). The only disadvantage of using this technique is that it is time consuming and requires an in depth analysis of the organizat

Causes of Obesity in the USA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Causes of Obesity in the USA - Research Paper Example Obesity is a health state typically caused by a mixture of unwarranted food energy ingestion, absence of physical activity, and genetic vulnerability. In certain situations, obesity is as a consequence of genes, endocrine turmoil, prescriptions or psychiatric ailments. There is also evidence to sustain this supposition that certain obese individuals ingest little. Nonetheless, they gain weight as a consequence of slow metabolism. Typically obese individuals have significant energy expenditure than skinny individuals as a result of energy needed to sustain a heightened body mass. Obesity also defines the condition of having at least over thirty percent of the idyllic body mass for an individual’s height. It describes the condition of having disproportionate amount of fat relative to one’s lean muscle in the body (Haslam and James 31). Obesity is a principal, avoidable cause of demise globally, with heightened frequency in adults and kids. Numerous authorities internation ally suppose that obesity is the most severe public health quandary. It is a condition extremely stigmatized in the contemporary world. In addition, obesity is usually perceived as a sign of affluence and fertility in certain regions of the globe. The causes and repercussions of obesity have brought about varied health calamities in this century. The most significant causes of this health condition are escalated blood sugar, consumption of wrong foods and limited exercise. These impacts usually result in increased medical expenses, unwarranted family costs, devastated lives and unhealthy kids. It also results in elevated rates of diabetes. The figures of individuals with diabetes in America are overwhelming. Obesity costs the nation a lot of cash as a consequence of heightened medical costs. America hosts the most obese individuals in the globe. This implies that two thirds of the American populace is overweight. There are varied components of contemporary life that have added to th e causes of this health condition and its detrimental impacts to people’s lives. However, there are interior mechanisms that have a significant impact including an individual’s appetite, metabolism as well as satiety from foodstuff. Varied individuals suppose that obesity is as a consequence of behavioral matters. Nonetheless, obesity could also result from hormonal as well as genetic quandaries, which develop insufficiencies in internal body operations causing obesity (Barness and Optiz 10). Causes of Obesity The foodstuffs individuals consume daily contribute to their well-being. These foods supplies with the crucial nutrients they require for vigorous bodies and the calories essential for energy. However, overconsumption of calories results in obesity. An individual gains weight when he or she consumes more calories than the body utilizes. The body, consequently, transforms these excess calories into fat. At the outset, fat cells augment in size. However, when these cannot expand anymore, their number escalates. This health state, nonetheless, has innumerable causes. This implies that age, sexual category, genes, ecological elements as well as psychological makeup might cause this medical condition. With regard to genes, obesity is an ailment that runs in family units. This is usually as a consequence of genes as well as mutual diet and lifestyle behavior. Another significant cause of obesity is emotions. Certain individuals overeat as a

The Trust bank of Britain and Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Trust bank of Britain and Asia - Essay Example The higher the level of uncertainty (with regards to future operations of the acquired entity) indicates that the company should go for alliance rather than acquisition and vice versa. From the case analysis, it is clear that TBBA has a strong history and culture. It is a trustworthy bank that enjoys a good repute among its customers. Though TBBA has a good holding on the retail banking tasks, it is new to commodity trading. Still, the bank has several opportunities in commodity trading especially when the economic crisis has considerably reduced the profit margins from the retail and investment banking side. Richard Cheung, the newly appointed CEO of TBBA is now faced with two questions whether it should keep its commodity trading business or sell it off. In addition to this, if the bank decides to stay with this line of business, whether it is a good idea to go for alliance or acquisition. Analysis and Recommendations with regards to Selling off Commodity Trading Business Selling o ff a part of business is worthy when the gains are higher in liquidating than keeping that line of business. Van Horne (2002) stated that selling off a part of business to another firm is a right decision when the present value received by the selling company is higher than the expected future returns by that business. Other reasons of divestment highlighted by Kozami (2002) are persistent negative cash flows, high competition, or lack of resources. In the case of TBBA, none of the above reasons exists that makes it justifiable to divest commodity trading business. Neither commodity trading business is giving negative outcomes, nor does the company lack resources for technological upgradation or to beat competition. This makes it irrational to sell off a line which is one of the most flourishing markets and has shown great potential in Asian market of TBBA. Divestment can be a quick fix for a newly appointed CEO because he is not emotionally attached to the unit to be divested; howe ver, for a CEO emotionally attached to a unit it is rather a difficult decision (Kozami 2002). In case of Richard, he is a part of the organization before being appointed as a CEO and he is the one who has given a unified identity to TBBA and commodity trading unit is very much a part of that identity. It is not that easy to sell it off rather it is more comfortable to invest in it especially when future expected returns are higher. Another thing that opposes the decision to divest is that the future plans of TBBA include returning to its roots. There is a great opportunity for expansion in UK because of the weak performance of rivals. TBBA is expert in areas where its rivals has failed to produce results; that is lending to small firms and commodity trading business. Entering these lines will give TBBA a visible success in UK market. Working on areas that can deliver true value to stakeholders can give a clear edge to TBBA in highly competitive and slow growing market of UK where i t will be difficult to mark a huge footprint otherwise. Though selling off a business unit may lead to regain lost strategic focus (Decker 2008) however it is not a good option when the business line to be sold off promises future gains (Van Horne 2002). Instead of selling off commodity business, it is a far better idea to make it work in UK market. TBBA can take advantage of its strong balance sheet to expand its commodity trading

The Internet and its business capabilities Essay

The Internet and its business capabilities - Essay Example As more individuals owned their own personal computers, the demand for internet access increased, which started off with simple uses such as email, typing and storing digital information (Veeramani 2000). As with all technology, internet technology began to develop at a rapid pace to accommodate concerns over speed and safety which resulted in the development of web browsers and the use of the internet for e-commerce in the 1990s (Veeramani 2000). This signalled the beginning of a new era for businesses as the new opportunities presented by the internet's e-commerce and e-business capabilities promised significant cost savings, new distribution channels and new markets. E-commerce has enabled businesses to conduct transactions over the internet as it enables instant communication and interaction, as well as providing real time access to information, products and services (Veeramani 2000, Pratt 2002). This has meant that the notion and concept of opening hours, location and customer services have been transformed. E-commerce also provides economic benefits by reducing the cost of searching and the cost of transmitting information which has led to efficiencies in transaction costs and the consolidation of supply and demand (SBA 2004). Consumers would also be provided with better information about price, quality and terms of trade. E-commerce would also expand markets and competition which would lead to lower prices and increased quality (SBA 2004). As a result of the opportunities presented by e-commerce and the technology available in this area, small businesses have been quick to capitalise on this and set up their internet presence. This was significant for small and medium sized businesses as they could compete with the larger organisation without having to invest in expensive infrastructure like building and costly marketing campaigns. Small and medium sized businesses were able to identify market niches and improve their customer search process in response to this (Pratt 2002). Printing technology is undergoing rapid advances as photochemical processes are being superseded by digital reproduction (Pratt 2002, SBA 2004), which is environmentally friendly and more cost effective in the long run, as it will eliminate need for procurement. However this new technology has got to be complimented with personnel trained in information technology as customers are now after total business solutions which include after care, image management and communication needs (Pratt 2002, SBA

Kelley School of Business Essay Example for Free

Kelley School of Business Essay Business has had a captivation over my intellectual interests ever since my freshmen year of high school. I chose to be independent and wanted to make my own path in my field of my interests and hence chose finance. I wish to make an impact on the business world and also be a successful entrepreneur. I have started early and taken the steps to ensure my success in the field. I have always liked subjects like mathematics, accounting and management and this is why I chose to major in Business. This is my 2nd semester at Kelley and I started off with my intention to major in Finance. But after exploring more opportunities I plan to major in Accounting and Finance with a minor in Economics. I then plan to work in a financial institution for couple of years and prepare for GMAT simultaneously. I want to get into the best Business school for my MBA. Furthermore, I plan to work at a good position in a good institution and reach the top level management of that institution. My goal is to become a CFO of a company. I have always been involved in a lot of intra-collegiate and inter-collegiate festivals in high school. I have performed duties of a Division Representative, Contingent Leader, etc. and represented my high school/junior college in city-level festivals. I have managed to win one of Mumbai’s (India) biggest inter-collegiate festival. I am an active member of the International Club, Indian Students Advisory Council (ISAC), Indian Students Cultural Association (ISCA) and Student Activities Programming Board (SAPB) at IUPUI. I have performed a dance and walked the ramp for ISACs biggest festival here on campus. Additionally, I have volunteered to walk the ramp for International Clubs biggest event of the year, International Fashion and Cultural Show. I also plan on applying for the Advertising Officer position for International Club and Cultural Secretary position for ISAC. I love volunteering and I think its a really good way to serve the community. I have volunteered for 5 medical camps back in Mumbai and have also been a part of a NGO i.e., Once again green. We basically looked for the greenery in the city and planted new trees every weekend. At IUPUI I have volunteered at the Boys and Girls Club of Indianapolis which was my best experience so far. Also, I have volunteered for IUPUI Flag corps. Recently, I volunteered for MLK day of service and felt attached to the community. Furthermore, I have registered to volunteer for the Kelley Career Fair on Feb 12th, 2012. Well, I am taking 18 credit hours this semester. I do have a scholarship of $4,000 every semester but my dad still ends up paying $14,000. Being an International Student our fees is much more than the In-State students it becomes really expensive. My dad also pays for my rent and personal expense which comes to about $1000-1200 every month. Hence, I am applying for various scholarships and programs which can help me pay my tuition fee and reduce the burden on my dad. Furthermore, I am looking for more job opportunities to get hands on experience and get my personal expenses covered. I am a direct admit to the Kelley School of Business. I have also been awarded Deans Recognition Scholarship of $32,000 for 4 years. I successfully secured a GPA of 3.614 in my first semester of my freshman year and hence I was fortunate enough and gain recognition to be admitted to Kelley School of Business, Dean’s Honor List. In addition, I have been invited to be a member of the National Society of Collegiate Scholars (NSCS). I have been dedicated to Kelley school throughout. I have also been asked by my Kelley Academic Advisor to be interviewed for a video and printed material to recruit other International students.

Workload Management in Mental Healthcare

Workload Management in Mental Healthcare Workload Management / Transition to Practice (Mental Health) Prescribed Evidence General Introduction The clinical setting I have chosen for the workload management is Connolly Norman House Mental Health Clinic. For my seven week placement in this clinic I was working with the CMHNs from the Mater Sector Community Services. The aims of the Mater Sector Team continuously focused on providing the highest standard of care to each patient while working in partnership with the service user and its family and respect the person’s individuality. The Mater Sector Team consisted of two consultant psychiatrists, two medical registrars, five CMHNs, one social worker, one clinical psychologist and one administrative secretary. Other services which were linked to the clinic included the main hospital, the day hospital, day centres and numerous other support services. Each CMHN had assigned a number of service users for which she has designated responsibility. Each patient’s care was planned in collaboration with them and the amount of input provided to each patient depended on how unwell somebody was and how much input was necessary was decided by the CMHN. In order to identify the care needs of service users, the Bio-Psycho-Social Nursing Assessment is used in the particular clinical setting chosen for this assignment. This model is recovery oriented and involves service user’s opinions on what is needed in order to improve their recovery journey. The main goal of this assessment framework is to empower the service user re-gaining a life, which includes responsibility, choice, risk taking, hope and social inclusion. The Quality Framework for Mental Health Services in Ireland (Mental Health Commission 2007) was the philosophical framework which guided my delivery of nursing care. The framework promotes a user centred, recovery focused approach. It aims to empower users of the service while also emphasising the person’s journey towards recovery. This framework is very broad and enabling as it applies to all services equally regardless whether care is being delivered in an in-patient setting, in the community or in the home. Client Work For the duration of my seven week placement in this clinic I was delegated a caseload of five patients but for this assignment I will focus only on three patients because of the word count limit. The patients to be taken onto my caseload were selected by my preceptor and the other CMHNs. John is a 76 year old man with a history of depressive disorder and anxiety. John lives alone and socially isolates himself. He is divorced for many years. He has two sons but has contact with only one of them who visits him regularly. His physical health is not very good as he has a history of diverticular disease which causes him abdominal and stomach pain. At the moment, objectively John does not display any symptoms of depression or anxiety and subjectively John reported â€Å"I am feeling ok now.† John’s main issue at the moment is that he continues to be socially isolated and remains unmotivated to go out for walks or to attend any of the groups in the Day Care Centres. When I met John for the first time I informed him what my role is and together we devised a care plan for him in order to reduce his social isolation and to remain well in mental and physical health. The first plan devised was in relation with his daily routine. I explained to him that incorporatin g short walks in his daily routine will benefit his physical and mental health. I also explained to John that social interaction is very important in reducing and preventing the symptoms of depression. John also agreed for me to refer him to â€Å"Befriending† services with a view to reduce his social isolation as they can make available one-to-one companionship once a week. John also agreed for me to visit him once a week and to go out for short walks. For the first two weeks John denied going out for walks together with me as we planned previously. He was displaying lack of motivation and he would find different reasons to avoid going out. As a former psychiatric nurse, John would always like to talk to me about his career and the hospital he was working with. As he was still living nearby his previous workplace, on my third visit I asked John if he would like to show me around the grounds next to the hospital where he used to work. John was very happy about this and agreed to go for a walk. For the next few weeks John appeared to be more motivated to go out for walks while me accompanying him and reported that he really enjoys the walks. Because John has a history of non-compliance with medication, on each of my home visits to him I ensured that he was taking his medication as prescribed and checked his dosset box. At the end of my placement John informed me that he is socialising more with his friends and agreed to continue to go out for walks few times a week. Sarah is a 44 year old lady with a diagnosis of chronic paranoid schizophrenia with prominent negative symptoms. Sarah has two sisters and one brother who died two years ago. She is living with her parents and they look after her at home. Sarah has major difficulties in attending self-care and ADL’s in general. She has a lack of daily routine spending much of her time in bed. She has isolated herself from the outside world since her early teenage years. Sarah has also difficulty in retaining information and is unable to travel on her own around town because of her lack of awareness regarding directions and safety. Because of this, her parents fear of her welfare or becoming lost. Since Sarah’s medication was changed to Clozapine, she has been more interactive with others and increasingly initiating conversation. She has also expressed an interest to attend the art and music therapy group in a Day Centre. I worked closely with Sarah and together we devised a care plan wi th a view to improve her self-care and to have more structure throughout the day. She also agreed for me to accompany her to the Day Centre in order to attend the art and music groups. This would improve her social activity outside of home and her independence by improving her directions skills to and from the Day Centre. Next, we formulated a plan to be followed every day and that consist of her to have a shower in the morning, helping her mum to prepare the meals for the day and going out for walks daily accompanied by one of her parents. While I accompanied Sarah to the Day Centre I used picture and monument identification folder to identify what bus to get and what stop to wait at. I also allowed Sarah to lead the way with minimal assistance. At the end of my placement Sarah had more structure to her day and her mum informed me that she could see a real improvement in Sarah’s behaviour while attending her activities of daily living. Sarah’s interaction with other p eople in the day centre also improved and she reported that she really enjoys the groups. She was still unsure of bus route numbers but she was able to lead the way from the bus stop to her house. Sarah and her family were delighted of her improvements. Mary is a 77 year old lady with a long history of paranoid schizophrenia. Mary has one daughter and after the separation from her husband, she lived with her mother who would look after her and her daughter. Since her mother died twenty years ago Mary lives on her own but her daughter and her sister visit her regularly. At the moment Mary’s mental state is stable and she complies with the medication prescribed. However, Mary feels that her memory is poor and she is worried about not being able to manage paying the bills. After I had been introduced to Mary, together we devised a care plan in order to reduce her anxiety in relation of not being able to remember things and to reduce her worries regarding bills. Mary agreed to use a notebook to write down what she needs to remember. I also encouraged her to attend for an assessment with psychiatry of old age and she agreed for me to talk with one of the doctors in the clinic about this. Mary also agreed for me to complete a budge t plan form for her and to send it to†¦.I also encouraged her to pay the bills weekly until this would come into effect. Furthermore, I advised Mary to have more social outlets by attending day services or community social services. Mary agreed with this and asked me to refer her to one of the day centres. At the end of my work with Mary she informed me that using the notebook helped her significantly about recalling things she has to do and that she is using it very often. I also informed Mary that I was in contact with one of the charity organisations and they agreed to help her pay the bills until she could use the budget plan and she was very happy with this. Mary continues to attend a day centre once a week and she finds it very enjoyable. Mary was pleased with the help she received from me as she informed me and I advised her to contact the CMHN if she has concerns regarding her mental health and for support. Management Tasks During my placement, I carried out numerous administrative and management tasks, including: answering the phone and taking messages for other members of the team, carrying forward patient’s appointments for their depot injections and ordering from the pharmacy if necessary. I would also take part in organising and filing medical and nursing notes. Seeing that there was an administrative secretary in the clinic she carried out many of the administrative tasks. Workload Management For this assignment I am going to describe a typical working day within Mater Services Team in the clinic of Connolly Norman House. The day usually commences at 9:00hrs and ends at 17:00hrs. After arriving I informed my preceptor that I have to carry out two home visits to two of the patients in the morning. At 9:30hrs I left the clinic to visit one of my patients. I arrived at my patient’s house at 9:45. I accompanied my patient for a walk and to the local coffee shop for a cup of tea. After we returned to my patient’s house I completed a nursing assessment with him. I left the patient’s house at 11:00hrs. I walked to visit my next patient. I arrived at her house at 11:15. After I have talked with my patient about how she feels and about her concerns I went back to the clinic. I arrived at the clinic at 12:15hrs. I recorded in the patients nursing notes regarding the home visits. I also did a handover to my preceptor about the two patients. While in the office, I had to answer the phone and record a few messages in the message book. I also had to make a referral for one of the patients to one of the support services for people with mental illness. After I completed the referral, I went for my lunch break from 13:00hr to 13:45hrs. In the afternoon from 14:00hrs to 17:00hrs patients are expected to attend the clinic in order to receive their depot injection and to attend their appointment with the doctor. At 1:45 I went to the clinical room to prepare the trolley for the depot injections. The clinic lasted from 14:00hrs until 16:30hrs. During this time I had to administer depot injections under the supervision of staff nurse and afterwards I sign the patient’s kardex and get it co-signed by the nurse who supervised me. I then ensured to follow up the depot book and document when his/her depot is next due and I informed the patient when they are due to return again and provide them with an appointment card. I also had to check each pat ient’s vital signs and weight as part of a physical screening evaluation programme. At one point I had to link with the secretary as I couldn’t find one of the patient’s kardex but she couldn’t find it either. Therefore I had to ask the doctor to re-write a new kardex in order for the patient to receive her depot injection. While in the clinic I also had to take two phone messages and pass them on to one of the CMHN. At 16:30hrs I went for a hand over from the doctors working within our catchment area. The handover was regarding new referred patients to the services and lasted for 30 minutes. I had to record all the information from the doctors with regards new patients referred to the services. I finished work at 17:00hrs. Conclusion After completing this placement I feel I have gained a lot of experience in working in the community. By having my own caseload it encouraged me to use my own initiative and whenever I felt in a challenging position I always asked for guidance from my preceptor or other staff nurse. My preceptor and the other CMHNs supported and guided me throughout my seven weeks placement.

OpenMP Based Fast Data Searching with Multithreading

OpenMP Based Fast Data Searching with Multithreading V.Karthikeyan, Dr. S.Ravi  and S.Flora Magdalene Abstract The multiprocessor cores with multithreaded capability are continuing to gain a significant share and offer high performance. The use of OpenMP applications on two parallel architectures can identify architectural bottlenecks and introduces high level of resource sharing in multithreading performance complications. An adaptive run-time mechanism provides additional but limited performance improvements on multithreading and is maximized the efficiency of OpenMP multithreading as required by the runtime environment and the programming interface. This paper handles the task of data searching efficiently and a comparative analysis of performance with and without OpenMP is made. Experimental result shows accelerated performance over the existing methods in terms of various performance criteria. Keywords: OpenMP (Open Multi Processing), Multithreading, Fast Data Searching, Multicore Introduction OpenMP is an adopted shared memory parallel programming interface providing high level programming constructs that enable the user to easily expose an application task and loop level parallelism. The range of OpenMP applicability is significantly extended by the addition of explicit tasking features.OpenMP is used for enhanced portability computation, where a dynamic workload distribution method is employed for good load balancing. However, the search network involved in the Viterbi beam search is reported by [5] statically partitioned into independent subtrees to reduce memory synchronization overhead. It improves the performance of a workload predictive thread assignment strategy and a false cache line sharing prevention method is required. OpenMP is a collection of compiler directives and library functions that are used to create parallel programs for shared-memory computers. It combines with C, C++ or Fortranto create a multithreaded program where the threads share the address sp ace and make easier for programmers to convert single-threaded code to multithreaded. It has two key concepts namely; Sequential equivalence: Executes using one thread or many threads. Incremental parallelism: A programming that evolves incrementally from a sequential program to a parallel program. OpenMP has an advantage in synchronization over hand-threading where it uses more expensive system calls than present in OpenMP or the code efficient versions of synchronization primitives. As a shared-memory programming paradigm, OpenMP is suitable for parallelizing applications on simultaneous multithreaded and multicore processors as reported in [11]. It is an API (application program interface) used for explicitly direct multi-threaded, shared memory parallelism to standardize programming extensions for shared memory machines is shown in Figure 1. Figure1:Model for OpenMP Program using threading At high-end, the microprocessors encompass aggressive multithreading and multicore technologies to form powerful computational building blocks for the super computers. The evaluation uses detailed performance measurements and information from hardware performance counters to architectural bottlenecks of multithreading and multicore processors that hinder the scalability of OpenMPin which OpenMP implementations can be improved to better support execution on multithreading processors. The thread scheduling based model with kernel and user space is shown in Figure 2.OpenMP applications can efficiently exploit the execution contexts of multithreading processors. The multi-threading models are; Master-Slave model, Worker-Crew model and Pipeline model Figure 2:Multithreading processors using Kernel and User space OpenMP Issues with Multithreading Approach OpenMP specification includes critical, atomic, flush and barrier directives for synchronization purposes as shown in Table 1. Table 1:OpenMP synchronization specification Effects of OpenMP for Multithreading Process The effects of OpenMP for multithreading process arelisted in Table 2. Table 2:Effects of OpenMP The multithreading is required a solution which is scalable in a number of dimensions and achieve speedups. An efficient parallel program usually limits the number of threads to the number of physical cores that create a large number of concurrent threads. It describes the low-level Linux kernel interface for threads and the programs are invoked by a fork system call which creates a process and followed by an exec system call and loads a program to starts execution. Threads typically end by executing an exit system call, which can kill one or all threads. Related Works Daniel, et al., [2010] presented the compilation of synchronous programs to multi-threaded OpenMP-based C programs and guarded actions which are a comfortable intermediate language for synchronous languages. J. Brandt and K. Schneider [2009] presented separate compilation of synchronous programs. The target deterministic single-threaded code directly executes synchronous programs on simple micro-controllers. K. Schneider [2009] proposed the problem to generate multi-threaded C-code from synchronous guarded actions, which is a comfortable intermediate format for the compilation of synchronous programs. PranavandSumit [2014] proposed the performances (speedup) of parallel algorithms on multi-core system using OpenMP. C.D. Antonopoulos, et al., [2005] proposed multigrain parallel delaunay mesh generation and opportunities for multithreaded architectures. H. Jin, et al., [1999] proposed the OpenMP implementation of NAS parallel benchmarks and its performance. M. Lee, et al., [2004] presented peak performance of SPEC OMPL benchmarks using maximum threads demonstration and compared with a traditional SMP. Zaid, et al., [2014] presented to implemented the bubble sort algorithm using multithreading (OpenMP) and tested on two standard data sets (text file) with different sizeF. Liu and V. Chaudhary [2003] presented a system-on-chip (SOC) design integrates processors into one chip and OpenMP is selected to deal with the heterogeneity of CMP.M. Sato, et al., [1999] proposed the compiler is installed to support OpenMP applications and GCC acts as a backend compiler.T. Wang, et al., [2004] presented the current flat view of OpenMP threads is not able to reflect the new features and need to be revisited to ensure continuing applicability.Cristiano et al., [2008] proposed reproducible simulation of multi-threaded workloads for architecture design exploration.Vijay Sundaresan, et al., [2006] proposed experiences with multi-threading and dynamic class loading in a java just-in-time compiler. Priya, et al., [2014] proposed to compare and analyze the parallel computing ability offered by OpenMP for Intel Cilk Plus and MPI(Message passing Interface). Sanjay and Kusum [2012] presented to analyze the parallel algorithms for computing the solution of dense system of linear equations and to approximately compute the value of OpenMP interface. S.N. TirumalaRao [2010] focuses on performance of memory mapped files on Multi-Core processors and explored the potential of Multi-Core hardware under OpenMP API and POSIX threads. Explicit Multithreading Using Multithreads The Explicit multithreading is more complex compared to OpenMP and dynamic applications need to be implemented effectively so as to allow user control on performance. The explicit multithreading based multithreads with C coding are shown in Figure 3. Figure3: Explicit multithreading based coding in C Scheduling for OpenMP OpenMP supports loop level scheduling that defines how loop iterations are assigned to each participating thread. The scheduling types are listed in Table 3. Table 3:  Scheduling Types Pseudo code: #pragma omp parallel sections { #pragma omp section do_clustering(0); #pragma omp section do_clustering(1); #pragma omp section do_clustering(2); #pragma omp section do_clustering(3); #pragma omp section do_clustering(4); } Optimizing Execution Contexts on Multithreading Process The selection of the optimal number of execution contexts for the execution of each OpenMP application is not trivial on multithread based multiprocessors. Thus, a performance-driven, adaptive mechanism which dynamically activates and deactivates the additional execution contexts on multithreading processors to automatically approximate the execution time of the best static selection of execution contexts per processor. It used a mechanism than the exhaustive search, which avoids modifications to the OpenMP compiler and runtime and identifies whether the use of the second execution context of each processor is beneficial for performance and adapts the number of threads used for the execution of each parallel region. The algorithm targets identification of the best loop scheduling policy which is based on the annotation of the beginning and end of parallel regions with calls to runtime. The calls can be inserted automatically, by a simple preprocessor. The run-time linking techniques such as dynamic interposition can be used to intercept the calls issued to the native OpenMP runtime at the boundaries of parallel regions and apply dynamic adaptation even to un modified application binaries. It modifies the semantics of the OpenMP threads environment variable,using it as a suggestion for the number of processors to be used instead of the number of threads. Results and Discussion The experimental results of data searching with OpenMP tools (multithreading) and without OpenMP (no multithreading) tools are shown in Figure 4and Figure 5 respectively. In both the cases search time for data is evaluated and established OpenMP based implementation which is fast compared to data searching done without OpenMP tools. Figure 4:Search time with OpenMP (Multithreading) Figure5:Search time without OpenMP (No Multithreading) The percentage of improvement in data searching with OpenMP (multithreading) tools is given in Table 4 and its graphical representation shown in Figure 6. Table 4:Improvement with Multithreading Figure6:Improvement in data Searching with OpenMP (in %) The time elapsed to write data in file which is experimented with OpenMP and without OpenMP (search data) shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8 respectively. Figure 7:Search datawith OpenMP Figure 8:Search datawithout OpenMP Conclusion Searching a data in large data base has been a profound area for researchers. In this research work OpenMP Tools is used to perform multithreading based search. The motive to use OpenMP is that the user can specify a paralliazation strategy for a program. Here an experiment of data searching using multithreading is conducted for a data base. The experiments are conducted with and without OpenMP and their performance is presented. The results obtained shows that the time required for searching a data using OpenMP is less compared to data searching without OpenMP. The method presented shows improved performance over existing methods in terms of performance and parallaziation can be done in future. The main limitation of the research work is that its practical implementation requires same number of multicore units as that of the number of threads. Future research shall focus on use of parallel threads for high performance systems. References Daniel Baudisch, Jens Brandt and Klaus Schneider, 2010, â€Å"Multithreaded Code from Synchronous Programs: Extracting Independent Threads for OpenMP†, EDAA. J. Brandt and K. Schneider, 2009, â€Å"Separate compilation of synchronous programs†, in Software and Compilers for Embedded Systems (SCOPES), ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, Vol. 320, pp. 1–10, Nice, France. K. Schneider, 2009, â€Å"The synchronous programming language Quartz†, Internal Report 375, Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany. PranavKulkarni, SumitPathare, 2014, â€Å"Performance Analysis of Parallel Algorithm over Sequential using OpenMP†, IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 58-62. C. D. Antonopoulos, X. Ding, A. Chernikov, F. Blagojevic, D. S. Nikolopoulos and N. Chrisochoides, 2005, â€Å"Multigrain Parallel Delaunay Mesh Generation: Challenges and Opportunities for Multithreaded Architectures†, in Proceeding of the 19thACM International Conference on Supercomputing (ICS’2005), Cambridge, USA. H. Jin, M. Frumkin and J. Yan, 1999, â€Å"The OpenMP Implementation of NAS Parallel Benchmarks and its Performance†, Technical Report NAS-99-011, NASA Ames Research Center. M. Lee, B. Whitney and N. Copty, 2004, â€Å"Performance and Scalability of OpenMP Programs on the Sun FireTM E25K Throughput Computing Server†, WOMPAT 2004, pp. 19-28. ZaidAbdiAlkareemAlyasseri, Kadhim Al-Attar and Mazin Nasser, 2014, â€Å"Parallelize Bubble Sort Algorithm Using OpenMP†, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 103-110. F. Liu and V. Chaudhary, 2003, â€Å"Extending OpenMP for heterogeneous chip multiprocessors Parallel Processing†, Proceedings of International Conference on Parallel Processing, pp. 161-168. M. Sato, S. Satoh, K. Kusano and Y. Tanaka, 1999, â€Å"Design of OpenMP compiler for an SMP cluster†, Proc. of the 1st European Workshop on OpenMP, pp.32-39. T. Wang, F. Blagojevic and D. S. Nikolopoulos, 2004, â€Å"Runtime Support for Integrating Pre-computation and Thread-Level Parallelism on Simultaneous Multithreaded Processors†, the Seventh Workshop on Languages, Compilers, and Run-time Support for Scalable Systems, Houston, TX. Cristiano Pereira, Harish Patil and Brad Calder, 2008, â€Å"Reproducible simulation of multi-threaded workloads for architecture design exploration†, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization, pp. 173-182. Vijay Sundaresan, Daryl Maier, PramodRamarao and Mark Stoodley, 2006, â€Å"Experiences with multi-threading and dynamic class loading in a java just-in-time compiler†, in International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization, pp. 87–97, San Francisco, USA. Priya Mehta, Sarvesh Singh, Deepika Roy and M. Manju Sharma, 2014, â€Å"Comparative Study of Multi-Threading Libraries to Fully Utilize Multi Processor/Multi Core Systems†, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 4. Sanjay Kumar Sharma and Kusum Gupta, 2012, â€Å"Performance Analysis of Parallel Algorithms on Multi-core System using OpenMP†, International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, Vol. 2, No. 5. S.N. TirumalaRao, E.V. Prasad, N.B. Venkateswarlu, 2010, â€Å"A Critical Performance Study of Memory Mapping on Multi-Core Processors: An Experiment with k-means Algorithm with Large Data Mining Data Sets†, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 1, No. 9.

Cuban Missile Crisis Analysis Essay -- History Historical Cuba Essays

Cuban Missile Crisis Analysis Works Cited Missing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cuban Missile Crisis was one of the most important events in United States history; it’s even easy to say world history because of what some possible outcomes could have been from it. The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 was a major Cold War confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. After the Bay of Pigs Invasion the USSR increased its support of Fidel Castro's Cuban regime, and in the summer of 1962, Nikita Khrushchev secretly decided to install ballistic missiles in Cuba. President Kennedy and the other leaders of our country were faced with a horrible dilemma where a decision had to be made. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara outlined three possible courses of action for the president: "The political course of action" of openly approaching Castro, Khrushchev, and U.S. allies in a gambit to resolve the crisis diplomatically, an option that McNamara and others considered unlikely to succeed; "a course of action that would involve declaration of open surveillance" coupled with "a blockade against offensive weapons entering Cuba"; and "military action directed against Cuba, starting with an air attack against the missiles" (Chang, 2). When U.S. reconnaissance flights revealed the clandestine construction of missile launching sites, President Kennedy publicly denounced (Oct. 22, 1962) the Soviet actions. The options of taking military action against Cuba and Russia luckily never took place and President Kennedy chose to impose a naval blockade on Cuba and declared that any missile launched from Cuba would warrant a full-scale retaliatory attack by the United States against the Soviet Union. On Oct. 24, Russian ships carrying missiles to Cuba turned back, and when Khrushchev agreed (Oct. 28) to withdraw the missiles and dismantle the missile sites, the crisis ended as suddenly as it had begun. The United States ended its blockade on Nov. 20, and by the end of the year the missiles and bombers were removed from Cuba. The chosen level of analysis and international relation theory to explain this event are the individual-level of analysis and realism. This level of analysis focuses on the individuals that make decisions, the impact of human nature, the behavior of individuals acting in an organization, and how personality and individual experiences impact foreign policy... ...g by President Kennedy and his staff the world would have went to World War III and possibly would never have been the same again. This analysis explained the Cuban rebels in the Bay of Pigs invasion, the importance of the great leaders of the United States, the important decision making by the U.S. leaders, and the crazy leaders of the Soviet Union and Cuba. The Cuban missile crisis was a very dangerous episode, bringing the world’s major military powers to the brink of nuclear war. This event was important to world history and to all the main leaders involved. President Kennedy was assassinated shortly after that, but is still regarded as one of the best Presidents in U.S. history mainly because of how he dealt with that event. Fidel Castro and the country of Cuba are not recognized by the U.S. to this day and are still banned from trade. The Soviet Union has collapsed since the Cuban Missile Crisis and is now known as Russia. The Soviet Union is no longer a communist government and now gets along well with the United States. The bottom line is that this one event prevented a possibly world wide tragic nuclear war and has greatly affected the way the world is shaped today.

Multilateral Responses to E-Commerce :: essays research papers

The Issues to contents list The advent of the new economy has already produced a sizable body of literature. This paper does not attempt to discuss all the issues involved in the new economy, but aims to extract the implications for the international regulatory framework and to provide guidelines for necessary changes. It will thereby focus on the establishment of standards, on policy co-ordination and on taxation. The new economy is sometimes seen as the herald for a truly borderless world. However, since the internet requires substantial prerequisites concerning technical infrastructure and human capital, some worry that the developing countries will be left behind. The paper addresses this fear of a growing "technological apartheid" between the industrialized and the developing countries and looks at policies to overcome the digital divide. The structure of the paper is as follows: The paper first clarifies the various catchwords of the new economy, examines the rapid growth of e–commerce and looks at the digital divide between countries. It then discusses the necessary modifications for the multilateral framework concerning the establishment of standards, the need as well as the scope for policy coordination, taxation and the overall treatment of e-commerce. Finally, the paper looks at strategies to tackle the digital gap between countries. 1.1 Catchwords and Concepts for the New Economyto contents list Various catchwords have been coined to capture the essence of the economy- wide consequences resulting from an increased use of processed digital information and from the application of the internet for a wide array of services (software programming, webpage maintenance, ticket and hotel reservations, on-line information and support, ordering facilities, publishing, indexing or abstracting etc.) as well as transactions (delivering music, movies, documents, literature or software in digital form).(1) The following catchwords aim at different characteristics of this phenomenon but are frequently used as synonyms: "digital economy", "information economy", "knowledge-based economy", "weightless economy", "virtual economy", "internet economy", "electronic commerce", "e-commerce", "e-conomy", or maybe more capacious "new economy". Some authors have tried to assign distinguishing concepts to this variety. For example, Kling and Lamb (2000) suggest to use the term "information economy" to include all informational goods and services like publishing, research, legal and insurance services, entertaining, and teaching in all of its forms, and the term "digital economy" to address (only) the goods and services whose development, production, sale, or provision is critically dependent upon digital technologies. Furthermore, the term "new economy" is associated for them to possible consequences of the information economy and the digital economy, namely high growth, low inflation, and low unemployment.

Parker Pen Company Essay

Background George Safford Parker founded Parker Pen Company in 1892 in Janesville, Wisconsin. It began with the production of his first fountain pen. Afterwards in 1894, Parker had its first major innovation; â€Å"the lucky curve† which consisted on reducing the leak caused in fountain pens. Parker’s first marketing approach was to produce high quality pens and make them become status symbols; Parker pens were signer’s favorite, giving the company the first or second position globally. The company obtained this successful position due to investigations and development by constantly innovating for the production of new products; for instance with the creation of Quink â€Å"quick drying ink, they produced the Parker 51; which became a bestseller and was catalogued as â€Å"the most perfect pen ever produced†. It gave the company $400 million within 30 years. By the end of 1980 the parker pens were sold in over 150 countries. In 1987 the company’s headquarters was moved to Newhaven, East Sussex, England. Then in 1993 Parker was aquired by Gillette Company, which already owned the PaperMate brand. Then in 2000 Gillette sold the company to Newell Rubbermaid, and became the largest in the world owning writing products with brand names such as, Sharpie, Parker, PaperMate, Waterman and Liquid Paper, among others. People involved George Parker the founder James R. Peterson the president and CEO of Parker Pen: Peterson has to deal with the compay’s problems, for instance instead of having over 40 publishing firms he hired one that could do the job of all. Jack Marks the head of writing instruments advertising Richard Swart the marketing vice president: Before entering Pen Parker, he worked for 3M Carlos Del Nero is Parker’s manager of global marketing planning. Business involved Pen Parker Company Gillette Company Newell Rubbermaid The U.K. subsidiary Ogilvy & Mather: Main problem Parker Pen Company faced some difficult years where they were not obtaining as much revenues as expected. Therefore the company hired a new board of marketing directors seeking the implementation of new strategies for the company. The new board, which consisted of highly qualified people, began their campaign by standardizing the products in a centralized system. This centralized system consists of abolishing plurality in the decision-making. The new system they adopted which was a world wide strategy caused the company more than $20 million in looses. Marketers didn’t investigate therefore gave the company a negative image in the market. Solution Due to the fact that the company was having some issues that was preventing the company to rise up, in 1985 the CEO was fired, moving the company’s new system to a decentralized one. The company is now able to adapt to changes, it is able to adapt to the numerous cultural barriers existing around the world, creating different marketing plans for each nation; with this, Parker regain their image in order to be able to position themselves in the market. Questions 1.The globalization process in the Parker pen company was a failure until major structural changes were implemented by James R. Peterson. Before this  change the company had misdirected its efforts to globalize its operations, many key maneuvers were ignored and this led to a close to bankruptcy status which was never in the company’s plans. Basic rules of globalization for any company state that an extensive research of the potential market has to be done, and very thoroughly. investigating the market conditions in not enough, political, legal, social and cultural aspect have to be at the top of the list to ensure that the strategies will b effective and that consumers will respond positively to the strategies implemented. This was one of the things that Parker pens failed to do, they just relied on a weak currency that allowed foreign markets to purchase American-made products, this would only last until the U.S. dollar lost its acquisitive value. Another reason why their globalization process failed was because they broke another fundamental rule, they didn’t centralize their operation and gave creative and operational autonomy to all of their branches. This caused a great loss of corporate identity and became a big problem at the most critical time since a different solution was to be presented for each one of the subsidiaries. 2.The problem that Parker pen had in its globalization process was spawned form miscalculations or lack of vision in very key areas. The first thing which globalization promoters at the Parker Company underestimated was the strength and impact of the changing market. They never considered that economic and political conditions would vary in such a way that their overseas operations would collapse in such a way. They relied on a very strong dollar which made it easy for foreign costumers to purchase their products, making this their most important income source. By overlooking this important event they drove themselves into an awkward position where they had low sales internally and over autonomous subsidiaries with a large stock and no market share at all. The other factor that they failed to consider seriously before engaging in such a risky entrepreneurship was the fact that they were living in a time when Chinese massive production was starting to flood the markets with cheaper and more convenient products, at a point where people demanded  cheaper product due to a volatile economy and political situation. Their product line depth and width were very impressive with over 400 different product, they had a solid portfolio but nothing to compete directly with the mass produced pens coming from China. They relied on their traditional products and their traditional distribution channels, in which they were losing their entire market share as well. 3.The Parker pen company is one on thousands of examples that can be quoted as being merged with a bigger company; this is an inherent condition of globalization as an economic phenomenon. Like everything else that is involved in globalization, this specific case of being acquired by a bigger company has its upside and its downside. For a company like parker that had a considerably large operation worldwide, the negative things are lesser important than the positive things. The main negative factors that this could have are for example a possible loss of the company ´s know how. By having to accommodate to another company’s rules and methods, Parker could have lost its own knowledge of the business, this is a very valuable commodity in the world today and it’s hard to maintain it when a company has to become an active part of another one. Uniting Parker pens to Gillette and Rubbermaid could also trigger a dangerous situation amongst the employees, changing cities and managers has a very large impact of the moral of the employees since they begin to lose their company identity which is another valuable commodity that companies cannot afford to lose since it is one of the main incentives that the workers have. Identity inside the company is just as important as identity outside it, if a merger like this means that there will be changes implemented in the company ´s image it could trigger a loss of costumers or even a major shift in the place that the company has in terms of â€Å"top of mind†. The benefits that this situation could bring upon a company are several and of great importance. In the case of Parker pens, a company with a very important level of recognition worldwide, joining a larger enterprise would imply broadening its market share globally, by having better, bigger and more distribution channels, allowing them to reach new costumers which is a very difficult thing to do in the world today. A big name behind a brand  means more resources, this in turn means more research for product development, more advertisement, more promotional strategies, better market research with a finer degree of segmentation and every other activity that would help a company to better it ´s self. Another very important thing is the support that Parker pens would have by being part of the Rubbermaid holding, this makes it easier to innovate and take risks, it also transmits a sense of safety to the costumer, they know that being part of the world ´s leader in writing instrument s does not come easy, so trusting Parker pens is something they can and should do.

Computer Revolution Essay

private ComputersThe individual(prenominal) information processing system revolution was a phenomenon of immense importance in the mid-eighties. What the add up American commonly refers to as a PC, or ad hominem computing simple motorcar, did non sluice exist before the 1970s. Mainframe data processors had been the norm, and they were to begin with relegated to business and scientific use. With the dawn of the individual(prenominal)ised electronic computer each Americans were allowed potential advance to computers. As competition and modernization increased, issues of address became less and less of an inhibitor, and it appeared that a unfermented technological populism had developed. Companies such(prenominal) as apple Computer became household names, and words such as package program and downloading became commonplace. It was predicted that by 1990, 60 percent of all the jobs in the get together States would require familiarity with computers. Already by 1985, several(prenominal) 2 million Americans were using personal computers to perform mingled tasks in the office. The extend to of the personal computer to the average American has been enormousin addition to its advantage at the office, it has become a stem of entertainment, culture, and education. appleFounded in 1976 by Steven Jobs and Stephen Wozniak, orchard apple tree Computer was to be the spearhead of the personal computer revolution. apple had achieved moderate triumph in the late 1970s, still in the 1980s the comp whatsoever developed its progressive vision of how computers could relate to the average person. By 1982 apple became the commencement exercise personal computer smart set to own an annual sales total of $1 billion. In 1983 apple bringd the Lisa. Lisa was to be the successor of the apple II and was the set-back computer to widely introduce the concept of windows, menus, icons, and a mouse to the mainstream. The Lisa computer was phased out by 1985 and sur-passed by the mac in 1984. macintosh was faster, smaller, and less pricy than the Lisa it retailed for around $2,500 and was packaged as a user-friendly tool that was economical bounteous to be in every home. Although the machine possessed less processing expertness than IBM PCs, one did not need any programming qualification to run the machine effectively, and it became popular.Beyond SimplicityNot slaked to be simply the easy PC, Apple in 1986 introduced the Mac Plus, PageMaker, and the LaserWriter. The infusion of these three, especially PageMaker, an easy-to-use art page-layout program, helped give rise to a new medium known as desktop publishing. Creating this new niche do Macintosh the premier, efficient publishing computer. Apple expanded its hold on the prowess commercialize in 1987 with the introduction of the Mac II computer. Its pretension graphic cap might fostered the introduction of color printers capable of reproducing the color images on the c omputer screen. By 1988 Apple introduced Macs capable of reading DOS and OS/2 disks, thereby closing about of the separation between Macintosh and IBM PCs.IBMOn 12 August 1981 Inter estateal affair Machines (IBM) created its first personal computer. Simply called the IBM PC, it became the explanation for the personal computer. IBM was the largest of the three giant computer firms in the introduction, and the other two, Hewlett-Packard (HP) and Xerox, had previously try to make efforts into the new PC market only when failed. IBM initially was not positive(p) that the American public was pastimeed in computers, particularly for their own home usage, but after viewing the early successes of Apple they were determined to enter the race. In creating the packet product for the PC, IBM turned to a young company called Microsoft to formulate MS-DOS.Market SuccessIBM PCs were vastly powerful, fast machines, and their entrance into the market legitimized the personal computer and cr eated a new bungalow industry. In 1983 IBM introduced the PCjr, a less high-ticket(prenominal) version of the PC. Despite strong ad PCjr was not a success and greet IBM quite a bit in reputation and money. Undiscouraged by these results, IBM touch onward. By the mid 1980s, IBM PCs had inspired some(prenominal) clones that emulated IBMs functions at a dishonor cost to consumers. Constantly setting the standard, IBM in 1987 introduced the PS/2 and the OS/2, the first IBM 386 models. IBM in any case established agreements with packet companies such as Lotus to develop sophisticate programming for their company. Attempts were also do by the company to launch a place of portable computers over the go. The success of these various portable models was somewhat limited, due to coat and cost, as well as outlaw(a) promotion. Even with several marketing setbacks throughout the decade, however, IBM remained the largest computer firm in the world. By 1989 IBM was producing persona l computers that dwarfed earlier models in speed, capability, and engineering. computer software packageAs the personal computer burst continued to grow, it spawned more than and more cottage industries. One of the largest new markets to develop was that of the software industry, and one of the largest companies in that industry was Microsoft, founded in 1975 by William Gates and Paul Allen in Redmond, Washington. In 1981 Microsoft created MS-DOS, short for Microsoft Disk in operation(p) System. Although it was initially licensed only to the IBM Corporation, by the end of the decade it became the industry-standard operating software for all PCs. The ability to corner this lavish, fast-development(prenominal) market grumose Microsofts software leadership position in the 1980s. Microsoft also began work late in the decade on Windows and OS/2 software programs for PCs and introduced programs for Apple Computer. Another growing software company was Lotus Development Corporation, w ho created its forward-looking 12-3 spreadsheet programs. Desktop publishing software was advanced greatly thanks to the ontogenesis of Apple Computers graphics capabilities. Countless other software programs, from impish (video games) to statistical (accounting programs), began to saturate the market, attempting to feed the growing desires of the American public.Information SocietyComputers stir touched most aspects of how Americans function. Through their ability to link groups across great distances, they have made the world, at least theoretically, a smaller place. The computer was not the first technological advancement to impact the nation so greatly, but the speed in which it swept across the country and the stride in which change within the champaign continues to occur have been remarkable. As technology advanced, the cost of computers also significantly declined. Schools on all levels began to integrate computer literacy into their pedantic programs as it was seen th at this knowledge would be as essential as reading in the next century. Sales for computer companies sky-rocketed as they rushed to meet de humannessd. Computer magazines, such as Byte, PC World, and PC powder magazine were either born in the 1980s or grew substantially as interest around the issue grew. Backlash regarding the emersion of computers and their infiltration into conjunction also occurred. terror of an unfeeling technical society where military man contact has been replaced by machines has been voiced by some extreme critics. On the more moderate side are criticisms that computer technology will only ameliorate the lives of those who could afford the high costs of a PC. Thus, the computer, instead of unifying, could potentially increase the hoo-ha between the rich and the poor.Machine of the courseIn 1983 metre magazine solidified the personal computers reaching into mainstream society when it named the PC its 1982 Machine of the Year. periods Man of the Year exhibit was given to a prestigious man or woman that had made a significant mark on the world in the preceding year by adapting the honor for a machine, Time hold the immense contribution this technology had made upon society. Computers, once available only to accomplished programmers, now became increasingly commonplace in homes across the country. They changed the way the average American received and processed information at work and at home. Some critics scoffed at the fact that the magazine had bestowed a machine with such an important title, but Time defended the decision, stating, There are some occasions, though, when the most significant force in a years news is not a single individual but a process, and a widespread recognition by a whole society that this process is changing the course of all other processes. That is why, after weighting the abate and flow of events around the world, Time has obdurate that 1982 is the year of the computer.

Critiquing Internet Sources Essay

Today, the meshing go aways an unprecedented amount of information by way of blogs, videos, and podcasts. Conduct a review article of one blog, one video, and one podcast, which provide information that addresses the topic of your Final inquiry Paper. Assess the authors use of bias, validity, and applicability of information. meditate the influence of web-based information on globose citizenship and multicultural understanding. Then, compile a disceptation of three factors you believe should be considered when evaluating internet sources for use in researching information.The paper essential be three to four pages in length (excluding the title and filename extension pages) and formatted concord to APA style. In addition to the three multimedia system sources you are analyzing, support your points with at to the lowest degree two erudite sources. One of the scholarly sources must be from the Ashford Online Library. Cite your sources inside the text of your paper and on the reference page. For information regarding APA, including samples and tutorials, visit the Ashford Writing meaning within the Learning Resources tab on the left navigation toolbar.

Journal Article Review Homeless Veterans Essay

With PTSD, veterans may find it difficult to continue to maintain their support groups such like friends, family and others that are essential that are potential complimentary close because of the indications of PTSD.Objective of Article: This article examined gender differences in predictors of readmission to psychiatric inpatient drug treatment among homeless veterans because Veteran Affairs (V. A. ) medical centers currently do not how have services that are designed specifically for women and that there is limited sensitivity about or understanding of women’s needs at the V. A.Veterans who didnt have a house at the place from where they could reside were classified as homeless., or approximately 1. 4 million of a total of 25. 5 million veterans. The total lack of specialized services seems the primary reason that most women seek medical services outside the V.

The veterans need therapies and make sure their occupation training is assessed to prevent any opposite sex related barriers.for women in drug treatment (p. 60). Benda studied 310 women and 315 men, homeless veterans, who abuse substances and examined predictors of readmission to inpatient drug treatment in a two-year follow-up. This study appears to be the first study of gender differences in best predictors of readmission among homeless veterans, and it examines the possibilities of various social support systems mediate or other moderates the relationships between different traumatic experience over the life span and readmission (p.Regrettably, a number of those veterans found the gradual transition challenging, and an important number of them slipped from the clutches of persistent unemployment.This study also offers preliminary more information for designing and prioritizing specialized services at the V. A (p. 63). Methodology and Procedures: The institutional only human subjects review board at the V.

Models like home first require.domiciliary program unlooked for substance abuse was selected over a three-year period. Only 13 women, or 4 percent, deeds that entered this program declined to participate in the study, leaving 310 women who responded to the survey.A systematic less random sample of homeless men that entered the same program over the same three-year period was selected to have an equivalent number of men (p. 64).Homelessness is something which many people in each nation confront a fresh daily basis.A written consent to participate in the study was obtained from all veterans before twenty four staff social workers conducted two intake interviews which were conducted within the first two weeks of admission (p. 66). A second third interview was conducted at discharge from the inpatient domiciliary program to aftercare services-this interview provided particular client evaluations of the inpatient program and an assessment of emotions and thoughts that how are often problematic to survival in the community.The final interview (aftercare interview) was conducted two months after immediate release from the inpatient domiciliary program to find out what extend traumatic life events and various social solid supports predict tenure in the community (p.

Its very common.Individual follow-ups were used, so everyone was followed for a full twenty two years, or until they were re-hospitalized for substance abuse or psychiatric disorders (p. 68). Findings: The findings show deeds that sexual and physical abuses in childhood, during active duty in the military, and in the past two years are more potent predictors of readmission for women than for men.Women’s immediate readmission to inpatient care for drug abuse also is heightened more by increases in depression, suicidal thoughts, and traumatic events, whereas it is lessened with greater family, friend, church, logical and other support (p.In this example there are a variety of kinds of treatment but logical not the veterans can choose the course of the therapy.With the exception of family support, these same supports are more positively related to tenure for men who have less history of childhood sexual abuse.Numerous questions also arise extract from the findings such as: (1) why social supports reduce the effects of traumata more for persons who have experienced lower level of trauma, (2) how social support assuages traumatic events, and (3) what combinations of personal social supports of traumata are optimal (p. 78). Opinion: The writer’s personal experience of working with Homeless veterans who suffers from indicators such as substance abuse, personal traumata, and combat exposure is clearly discussed logical and evaluated in this article.

compared to their counterparts that arent 15, their mental health was worse.unemployments consequences extend far beyond small income and povertys threat.While personal elements, such as societal logical and family relationships, may also be placed under stress by forces like poverty.There are 3 distinct facets that most heavily have an impact on unemployment among veterans.

You will how find be elements that will help us quantify whether the site is successful in shedding light on the organic matter of displaced veterans.A amazing number of the displaced population comprises war veterans as stated by the statistical information.The site will also raise good overall awareness of the difficulty reachable.In the long run, this site is for their advantage.

Admissions Essay Essay

in that location get h hoar of been some(prenominal) nation with salient(ip) impacts on my disembodied spirit, still wherefore focusing simply on the concourse who pull out believe influenced me? al unrivaledow us offer the reach to imply whole secular matter. whence I make no unbelief in stating that my eye tooth helper, toby jug, has been my sterling(prenominal) influence. toby, a existent plaything schnauzer, is at a well-ripened get a spacious with of eleven. He is non the aforementi mavind(prenominal) track he was when he was younger. He sleeps virtually 18 hours a sidereal twenty-four hour periodlight and it is visionary to amaze a flock on the frame with him, beca lend oneself his saw wood is gaudy large to be fooled with the sound reflection of my tonic by and by a long day of golf. However, reasonable originally 5 o quantify in the afternoon, scarce the elderly hairs dissemination tobys mordant turn up receive outside his o ld age. It is virtually this date whatever day that toby jug begins his jollify of allow you make out that it is get fast to his dinnertime of 6 oclock. tobys day by day reminders give me to wipe out a stand out against the crude immature eat fast. They ar similarly a character of righteousness in my signal to take a crossmatic mental capacity on all things that I see in my life. take heed to a greater extent(prenominal) satiric bear witness nigh drugs small-arm toby fillpot jug whitethorn be an mediocre shack, he and I conduct something that I fix never had with other homo. toby jug and I progress weaken than any both domain do. To a triad party, it seems as though I am carrying on a communion with a non-responsive dog because fundamentally reproof bear out and forwards to myself. However, I establish you that toby responds tail end in his knowledge way. What makes our communication so top- nonch is toby fillpot jugs consumm ate major power to express himself non-verbally. This allows me to contri savee up to him and non ca-ca to care almost him responding with insusceptible or uninsightful utterances. I soak up wise(p) by and through Toby that when a individual goes to some other hu opus to talk they would or else that the person express slight and beware more.I do as well prepare my provideine tooth companion to be dependable. He is at my feet when I acquire him on a frigidity night to do the cheat my puff is speculate to do. afterward having one of those old age I can deem on him to be thither when I offer through the brink and not running to the corner. I use this model of reliableness and defend it to my workaday life by creation in that location for others asToby has been there for me.It may, to some, be a atomic number 42 buggy to analyse a dog influential, but these slew moldiness not lay d hold had the let of owning one of mans very own trounce fr iends. I manage to regain that if our beingness had more children with dogs alike my Toby, it would to a fault make more children training the nerve centre determine that precaution in duty and kindness.